West European Studies

After the Great War there were many changes throughout Europe, especially in the development of fundamental forms of government, including Communism and Fascism.  This revival of the authoritarian governments throughout Europe presented an era in which the individual was subjugated to the state and its needs.  By 1938, the nation of Czechoslovakia was the only country in Eastern Europe not bound by totalitarianism. In Western Europe, France, Britain, Scandinavia, and Switzerland were...

Andrew Gurrs Playgoing in Shakespeare London attempted to settle a question long been raised regarding the nature of the William Shakespeares audience, primarily in the sixteenth and seventeenth century. It has long been argued whether Shakespeares plays are elitist or mass-oriented, as this can be deemed important especially in the study of classical literature. Gurr first approached the study with a thorough class analysis of the people in Shakespeares time. He proposed the existence of the...

The nature of terrorism reflects socio-economic and political elements that govern society. Historically, the underprivileged, or those who thought they were unfairly exploited by the ruling class, have resisted this domination with both philosophical ideologies and revolutionary radicalism. From the time Karl Marx attacked western capitalism as the machine which oppressed societys working class, there have been similar but modified reactionary responses to destabilize the status quo. However, the...

a. Issues leading to division of the church during the schism of 1378   1415 The schism of 1378-1415 involved a division in the church due to existence of two popes. The italians elected a pope as St.Urban VI to succeed St.Peter. The French cardinals at the same time ailed to agree with the italians and elected their own pope called Clement VII. One of the issues leading to the churchs division was the fact that, the christedom couldnt agree on which pope to accept. The second issue was the...

Basically, the book is about what Cressy considers as the transgressions and travesties that happened in England between the years 1560 up to 1650. As the title suggested, the stories are considered as travesties and transgressions. Often, they are about how selected actions and occurrences, events and phenomenon in the English social culture at the time deviated from what is socially accepted, thus making it, at the very least odd, and at its worst, a travesty or an act of transgression against...

The first chapter explores the concept of personal fulfillment. It is a discussion of how a person should live beyond the material since nothing material can equal the afterlife. The book explains that all people must be satisfied in whatever they have in this life while considering the salvation of their souls, no matter what their status in life, may it be the well-off or the poor. Thomas emphasizes the importance of mans adherence to conventions, to conform to what is morally accepted, whether...

Introduction Femininity is often referred to as the unique qualities that can be attributed to the female gender. It can be said to be a model, or even a cast to which all women are based upon. Such characteristics range from beauty, grace, poise, gentleness, weakness, birth and motherhood to a range of other possible definitions (Stuard 1981). One unfortunate aspect of a model or a cast is that while it is a basis to which a particular object, perception or idea is based upon it can be considered...