West European Studies

Britain and France applied the appeasement policy in 1930s during Second World War. The appeasement military policy which was used by both Britain and France involved settling international quarrels with the Nazi regime by satisfying and admitting grievances via rational compromise and negotiations. These two countries were appeasing the Nazis in order to prevent resorting to an armed conflict scenario which would not only be economically expensive for them, but could also be possibly dangerous...

Kropotkin viewed the state in a totally different perspective. He viewed the state as being totally different from the government idea. He held that any person who would think different from him would be causing the two ideas of the state and the government. He viewed those thinkers who tended to confuse the society and the state as overlooking the advances which have occurred in the history domain. He observed that confusing the state and the society is overlooking the idea that the society existed...

History tells us that before women were actually recognized as equal to men, they had experienced various forms of discrimination and exclusion. It is not unknown that women had struggled through many hardships before they were able to attain their rights and enjoy the same opportunities that men have. In my opinion, the events involving the women that occurred during the second industrial revolution, such as the housewifization of women, should be considered atrocities and they should serve as...

The strength of the Papacy grew substantially during the Middle Ages with the beginning of the 11th century. This was the time when the First Crusade took place and the Pope was able to exercise and increase his authority, not over the clergy and laity, but also on the secular rulers and kings and Europe. Popes issued charters of founding universities, convened church councils, appointed papal judges delegate and commissioned preachers. The articulation of canon law, papal authority directly affected...

When epic medieval tales are told and texts read, they are always heavy in the major issues concerning the subject and light in the common experience of the studied group of people and as such final analysis done in the modern world rarely gives the true picture. The texts on these middle Ages spanning the 5th Century to the 16th Century usually spin around the peak and the fall of the Roman Empire, territorial expansion of Europe powers and exploration of new hitherto unseen world (Pierre 29)....

Whether a total naval blockage of the Japanese held islands and the main lands of Japan been enough to starve the Japanese people and force their leaders to surrender to the United States The naval blockade of the Japanese - held islands dates back to many decades back when the Japan attacked the United States and its allies. It is referred to as the Pacific war and it involved the attack on Pearl Harbor which led to a serious conflict of the Second World War. The war continued till the year 1945...

The World War II that dates back to September 1st 1939 was characterized by massive deaths and casualties of enormous magnitude. The invasion of Poland by the German soldiers remains in history books and in the minds of many as an act that instigated the deadliest military conflict in the world. German soldiers under the leadership of Adolph Hitler attacked Poland as a first step in fulfilling what the leader had termed as the foreign policy agenda. However, this invasion was met by opposition from...

According to I.K. Malanin, there are six factors which determine a nations ability to win or lose a war economic base, technological advantage, military techniques and tactics utilized, geography, manpower experience, and comparative power of the enemy. Compared to the German economy, the Soviet Union had built up a more effective and reliable economic infrastructure after the First World War. The Soviet economy was geared for mass production of simple and reliable goods. During the Second World...

Volksgemeinschaft is a German word that translates to a peoples community and was a political ideology being pushed in Germany before the Second World War by the National Socialist German Workers Party (Welch, 2004). In German political circles, this system had been conceptualized by theorist Ferdinand Tonnies in his book Community and Society. However, Ferdinand became a social democrat when the Nazi movement was increasing in power and influence. In this essay, I explain the concept of Volksgemeinschaft...

Both civilization in Greek and Roman Empire led to numerous contributions in different fields such as in religion, law and trade. The Roman Empire has been one of the most influential civilizations of all time. Its culture has been integrated throughout many societies. At its peak, the Roman Empire blanketed Europe in its vastness and even stretched overseas to Africa. In addition, the Roman civilization even reached into Asia as well. The Romans left their mark on many societies and left behind...

The western civilization started in the late 1400 and continued in the two subsequent centuries. Renaissance was one of the major developments witnessed in this particular civilization this development became a major benefit not only to the western world but indeed the entire world. Renaissance intellectually marked the start of modernity which continues throughout the world to date. It is in fact possible to relate objectively the thoughts, debates and issues of the western civilization, to the...

The Persian, Peloponnesian, and Punic wars were among other things, wars for superiority In all ages of civilization, wars have been part of the human society. In almost all the centuries, some nations or societies have been involved in wars. Every war has had its major causes and consequences according to the civilization of the society involved. These causes, the techniques used in the war and the aftermath of the war have changed as the society changes. The wars have evolved from the manual...

The decay of the aura as Benjamin understands it comes about as a result of absence rather than presence of the object of focus. If Karl Marx and Frederick Engels are better known for their political and economic rather than literary writings, this is not in the least because they are regarded literature as insignificant (Seashore, 1967). This is because some of the literary and thematic writings and performances lack an object of focus leading to Aristotelian belief that literature is not a reflection...

What is the  Age of Exploration  Who were the main countries involved in this race to build an empire What were their motives What kind of impact did exploration have on the New World and its inhabitants What inventions made exploration and sailing around the world possible How did the Age of Exploration impact Africa The Age of Exploration was the time when the leading countries of Europe started conducting expeditions that enabled them discover lands beyond their borders, particularly...

Greek civilization began in the archaic period in the 8th to 6th BC and continued through the classical period at the time of the Roman Empire which made it to spread across Europe and the Mediterranean region. The culture of the Greece especially during the classical period was the basis of civilization in the west. One of these aspects of the Greek culture that had significant impact to the Greeks and the western civilization is the concept of their sexuality. In the antiquity period, same sex...