West European Studies

The Battle of Crcy is a major event in the European history. The Hundred Years War, The Battle of Crcy fought between France and England was a great struggle that lasted for more than hundred years (with several years in between without conflict). The battle commenced on 26th August 1346 in Northern France. There were violent battles and occasions in which ideals of chivalry were exhibited. The battle was fought at the French village of Crcy-en-Ponthieu near the English Channel, as Edward III of...

In the ancient Roman civilization, there is the post-Republican phase that constituted the Roman Empire. This empire constituted emperors that were practicing an autocratic form of leadership in their governments. Large territorial holdings found around the Mediterranean and in Europe characterized it. This term used to refer to all the Roman States during the time of the first emperor by the name of Augustus and after him. After Augustus, there emerged other modest emperors such as Caesar Augustus,...

A 2005 film circling around the World War I Christmas Truce during 1914, Joyeux Noel is a movie that is depicted though the eyes of German, French, and Scottish Soldiers. Written and directed by Christian Carion, this film was screened out of competition during the Cannes Film Festival in 2005. This film was nominated during the 78th Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film.The film revolves around six characters a Scottish Lieutenant, Gordon a French Lieutenant, Audebert a Jewish German Lieutenant,...

Francis Shaeffers frequently re-printed book was first published in 1976. He argues that history is not a series of un-connected accidents without meaning or purpose. History flows from human thought, values and actions. Humans have a unique capacity to translate their inner life into action, thus the results of their thought world flows  into the external world. He sets out his argument that humanity needs to affirm Biblical revelation and Gods values in 13 chapters.  The first five...

consecrate the religious notions. They also constitute a significant portion of the ordained ministry (Davie178). In the Orthodox as well as the Catholic traditions, this is not the case as they are barred and the ancient tradition is still maintained. Implicit in the concept of religious memorys vicariousness that is prevalent in European religion is the loose balancing between religious majorities as well as minorities. As such this notion in modern European religion gave birth to secularization...

The French Revolution was a turning point in the history of France. This Revolution which occurred in 1979 brought about radical change in the history of France and was accompanied by social and political upheaval. During this time, the France government adopted some radical changes taking concern of citizens rights. The French government followed a monarchial structure before the revolution defined by king and church clergy. The changes brought about violent turmoil. This contributed to the trial...

                                      Commercial Revolution and Industrial Revolution  In the history of Mankind, humans have always tried to change the environment they are living at some extent for purpose of surviving and anticipating the future. Without changes society today would be living in medieval and...

The reign of Otto I (912-973) saw the consolidation of the German state, and reconstitution of the Holy Roman Empire and the development of a highly literate, state church awash in income and state favors. The literature on medieval Europe is constantly concerned with Otto, the church and the resultant Ottonian renaissance he created. The writers on this topic are usually divided on the moral justification for his removal of Pope John VIII, the election of his own candidate and his military methods...

The Cod Wars defines a series of conflicts that existed between the United Kingdom and Iceland. These conflicts started from the mid 1950s and extended to the mid 1970s. There were three Cod Wars that took place in 1958, 1973 and 1975. It is believed that the main reason as to why these wars took place was that Iceland was concerned about the Cod fish stock which was continuously being depleted by overfishing which was done by United Kingdom.The main reason why Iceland was so concerned is that it...

Hadrian (A.D. 117-138)Hadrian is considered as one of the Five Good Emperors of the Roman Empire, and among these leaders, he can be regarded as the one with the most commendable rating.  What made him a very distinguished rule was that Hadrian focused on the welfare of the people.  Although his background was mostly military, and that his succession was mainly based on a distant relationship to his predecessor, Trajan, the maternal cousin of his father, Hadrians rule gave the empire a...